Causes
Symptoms of malakoplakia include chronic infection caused by the body's inability to effectively kill certain bacteria.
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Most commonly associated with Escherichia coli and Proteus bacteria.
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Infections caused by bacteria are not properly responded to by the immune system.
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Individuals with weakened immune systems or chronic illnesses are more likely to experience this condition.
Symptoms
These are some common symptoms of malakoplakia, depending on the organ affected:
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Frequent urination, pain during urination, blood in the urine are symptoms of urinary tract infections.
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Nodules or plaques in the genital area are considered genital lesions.
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Pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen.
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In severe cases, there may be fever, malaise, and weight loss.
Diagnosis
A combination of clinical evaluation and laboratory tests is required to diagnose malakoplakia:
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Detailed medical history, including symptoms and underlying conditions.
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Examine affected areas for nodules or plaques.
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Analyzing urine for bacteria and white blood cells.
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The diagnosis of Michaelis-Gutmann bodies is confirmed by tissue biopsy.
Treatment
Malakoplakia is treated by managing infection and improving immune function:
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The use of long-term antibiotics to kill the causative bacteria is known as antibiotic therapy.
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A medication that enhances the immune response of the body is known as immune modulation.
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In severe cases, surgical intervention is required to remove large or obstructive lesions.
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Supportive Care: Managing symptoms and underlying conditions to prevent recurrence.
Prevention
Malakoplakia can be prevented by reducing bacterial infections and maintaining a healthy immune system:
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Prevent bacterial infections by washing your hands regularly and maintaining good personal hygiene.
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Chronic Conditions: Proper management of underlying diseases that compromise immunity.
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Treatment of urinary tract infections and other bacterial infections as soon as possible.
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Health Check-ups: Routine check-ups to monitor and manage health conditions.
Conclusion
Malakoplakia is a rare inflammatory condition caused by the body's inability to effectively kill bacteria, leading to chronic infection. Infections with bacterial species, particularly Escherichia coli and Proteus species, are the most common causes, and are most prevalent in individuals with weakened immune systems. Symptoms typically include urinary tract symptoms, genital lesions, and abdominal pain, depending on the affected organ. A biopsy confirms the diagnosis, and treatment includes antibiotic therapy, immune modulation, and surgery in some cases. By maintaining good hygiene, managing chronic conditions, and scheduling regular medical checkups, malakoplakia can be prevented by reducing bacterial infections and maintaining a healthy immune system.
