Causes
It is caused by the parasitic worm Loa loa, which is transmitted to humans via the bite of infected flies belonging to the genus Chrysops.
Symptoms
There are a variety of symptoms associated with loiasis, but the following are the most common:
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A painful, localized swelling under the skin that comes and goes.
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Itching and discomfort are caused by the movement of adult worms under the skin.
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It is possible for worms to migrate through the conjunctiva of the eye, causing irritation, redness, and sometimes even visual disturbances.
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In periods of high worm activity, fever, headache, joint pain, and fatigue may occur.
Diagnosis
Liasis is diagnosed by:
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Examine symptoms and medical history, especially if the individual has traveled to endemic areas in the past.
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Microscopy or specialized tests are used to detect microfilariae (larval forms of the worm) in blood samples.
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Examination of the eye to detect the presence of adult worms.
Treatment
Typically, loiasis is treated with:
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The most effective medication for treating loiasis is diethylcarbamazine (DEC), which is effective at killing adult worms and microfilariae. However, rapid killing of large numbers of worms may cause severe side effects.
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The removal of adult worms may be necessary in rare cases where they cause severe eye involvement or other complications.
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Analgesics and antihistamines relieve symptoms such as pain, swelling, and itching.
Prevention
In order to prevent loiasis, the following steps must be taken:
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Use insect repellent, wear long sleeves and pants, and use bed nets to avoid insect bites.
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Health professionals recommend taking preventive medication if traveling to areas where loiasis is endemic.
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Control of Chrysops flies through environmental management and insecticides.
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Educating communities in endemic areas about the risks of loiasis and how to prevent it.
Conclusion
An infection caused by the Loa loa worm and transmitted by infected flies is called loiasis. The infection is generally not life-threatening, but if left untreated, it can result in significant discomfort and complications. In endemic areas, prevention measures include avoiding bites from insects and controlling fly populations. In order to manage the infection and prevent complications, it is essential to diagnose the infection early and to treat it appropriately.
