Laryngectomy: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
A laryngectomy removes the larynx, also known as the voice box, the part of the throat that helps with breathing, swallowing, and speaking.
Causes of Laryngectomy
It is most commonly caused by laryngeal cancer, which is a type of cancer that affects the larynx. Laryngeal cancer can be caused by smoking, alcohol, or exposure to certain chemicals. In addition to severe injury or damage to the larynx, radiation therapy, or a car accident can also lead to laryngectomy.
Symptoms of Laryngectomy
The symptoms of laryngectomy depend on the type and extent of the surgery. Some common symptoms include:
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A laryngectomy leaves a person without a natural voice. They must use an artificial larynx, voice prosthesis, or esophageal speech to speak.
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Those who have undergone a laryngectomy have no longer been able to breathe through their nose or mouth, so they have to breathe through a hole in their neck known as a stoma, which connects to their windpipe. It is important to keep the stoma clean and moist, and to protect it from dust, water, and infection.
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It is possible for people who have had laryngectomy to have difficulty swallowing food or liquids. They may need to change their diet, eat slowly, or use a feeding tube. They may also have a higher chance of choking or aspiration.
Diagnosis of Laryngectomy
To diagnose laryngectomy, a doctor will perform a physical examination and ask about the medical history and symptoms of the patient. The doctor may also order some tests, such as:
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Hearing tests: Hearing tests can check the hearing ability and the function of the ears. They can also detect any problems or infections in the ears.
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Balance tests: Balance tests can assess the balance and the coordination of the inner ear and the brain. They can also detect any problems or disorders in the inner ear, such as labyrinthitis or Meniere’s disease.
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Imaging tests: Imaging tests can show the structure and the condition of the throat and the neck. They can also rule out other causes of symptoms, such as tumors, infections, or injuries. Some common imaging tests include X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans.
Treatment of Laryngectomy
The treatment of laryngectomy aims to restore the functions and the quality of life of the patient. The treatment may include:
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The main treatment for laryngectomy is surgery. In addition to removing the larynx, the surgeon may also remove part of the throat, tongue, jaw, or lymph nodes, depending on the case. A partial or total laryngectomy may be performed, depending on how much of it is affected.
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Depending on the stage and location of the cancer, radiation therapy may be used before or after surgery, or instead of surgery. It uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells or shrink tumors. It is possible for radiation therapy to cause side effects, such as skin irritation, dry mouth, or sore throat.
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As part of chemotherapy, drugs are used to kill or stop cancer cells from growing. It may be used before or after surgery, or in combination with radiation therapy, depending on the cancer type and stage. There may be side effects associated with chemotherapy, including nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and fatigue.
Prevention of Laryngectomy
To prevent laryngectomy, some general tips include:
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Quitting smoking reduces the risk of laryngectomy and improves the health of the larynx and lungs. Smoking is the main risk factor for laryngeal cancer and other laryngeal diseases.
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Limit alcohol: Alcohol can increase your risk of developing laryngeal cancer and other diseases related to the larynx, as well as damage the larynx and throat. Drinking too much alcohol can also damage the larynx and throat. By limiting alcohol, you can reduce the risk of laryngectomy and improve the health of your larynx and liver.
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The purpose of protecting the larynx is to prevent injury or infection to the larynx. Symptoms or problems with the larynx, such as hoarseness, pain, or difficulty breathing, should also be addressed by seeking medical attention. This can involve avoiding exposure to harmful substances, such as chemicals, dust, or smoke.
