Causes
The condition Kikuchi disease, also known as Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease or histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, is benign and rare. Kikuchi disease is believed to be caused by an abnormal immune response, but the exact cause is not known. Viral infections are suspected of playing a role, and some evidence points to a possible link with autoimmune disorders. However, no definitive pathogen has been identified.
Symptoms
Kikuchi disease typically causes the following symptoms:
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Lymph Nodes Swelling: The most common symptom is painless swelling in the neck region.
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A fever can last for several weeks, ranging from low to high grade.
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Tiredness and lack of energy are signs of fatigue.
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Sweating at night: Excessive sweating during the night.
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In some cases, weight loss occurs unintentionally.
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It is possible to develop a skin rash occasionally.
Diagnosis
Kikuchi disease is diagnosed using a combination of clinical and laboratory tests:
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Swollen lymph nodes and other symptoms are assessed physically.
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Infections and conditions that may cause similar symptoms can be ruled out with blood tests.
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The definitive diagnosis is made through a lymph node biopsy, which reveals characteristic histopathological features such as necrosis and histiocytes.
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The extent of lymph node involvement can be assessed with ultrasound or CT scans.
Treatment
As Kikuchi disease is self-limiting and resolves on its own within a few weeks to months, treatment is generally supportive:
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Fever and pain relief can be achieved with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen.
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When inflammation is severe, corticosteroids may be prescribed.
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Recovery requires adequate rest and fluid intake.
Prevention
Due to its unclear etiology, Kikuchi disease cannot be prevented by specific measures. However, general measures to maintain a healthy immune system can be helpful.
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A healthy lifestyle includes a balanced diet, regular exercise, and adequate sleep.
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Infections can be prevented by regular hand washing and avoiding contact with sick individuals.
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Check-ups: Regular health checks to monitor and manage any underlying conditions that could affect the immune system.
Conclusion
An abnormal immune response is believed to be the cause of Kikuchi disease, a rare, benign condition characterized by swollen lymph nodes, fever, and fatigue. The diagnosis is confirmed through a lymph node biopsy, and the treatment is focused on relieving symptoms. The condition usually resolves on its own, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle may help support overall immunity.
