If left untreated, kidney infections, also called pyelonephritis, can lead to serious complications, including kidney damage.
Causes of Kidney Infection
A kidney infection usually begins as a lower urinary tract infection, usually in the bladder. The most common cause is Escherichia coli, a bacteria that enters the urinary tract through the urethra and travels up the kidneys. Individuals with weakened immune systems and those who use catheters are also at risk of developing this condition. Other causes include blockages in the urinary tract, kidney stones, an enlarged prostate, or abnormalities in the urinary system.
Symptoms of Kidney Infection
A kidney infection can cause the following symptoms:
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A fever and chills are often the first signs of infection.
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Patients may experience pain in their lower back, side, or groin.
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An urge to urinate frequently, often accompanied by a burning sensation.
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Urine that appears cloudy, smells strange, or contains blood may be cloudy or bloody.
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Some individuals may experience nausea and vomiting due to digestive issues.
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Infections of the kidney can cause fatigue and weakness.
Diagnosis of Kidney Infection
A healthcare provider may perform these tests to diagnose a kidney infection based on the patient's symptoms and medical history:
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A urinalysis can detect bacteria, blood, or pus in the urine, which indicate an infection.
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Tests of the blood can help identify an infection and assess kidney function.
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An ultrasound or CT scan may be used to check for kidney blockages or abnormalities in some cases.
Treatment of Kidney Infection
An antibiotic is usually used to treat a kidney infection to eliminate the bacteria responsible for the infection. The duration of the antibiotic and the choice of antibiotic are determined by the severity of the infection. In more severe cases, hospitalization may be required, as well as intravenous antibiotics. Fluids and pain relievers may also be recommended to prevent dehydration and manage symptoms.
Prevention of Kidney Infection
In order to prevent kidney infections, it is necessary to reduce the risk of developing a urinary tract infection in the first place. Preventive measures include:
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Drink plenty of water to flush bacteria from your urinary tract.
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Keep your urethra clean by wiping from front to back after using the bathroom and urinating after sexual activity.
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Regularly emptying your bladder can reduce the risk of bacterial growth.
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Treat any underlying conditions that may contribute to urinary tract infections, such as kidney stones or an enlarged prostate.
Conclusion
Recognizing the symptoms early and seeking medical attention can lead to effective treatment and a full recovery. Kidney infections are serious medical conditions that require prompt treatment in order to prevent complications. A kidney infection can be prevented by practicing good hygiene and staying hydrated.
