Causes
Small bowel cancer occurs when malignant cells form in the tissues of the small intestine. The primary causes are:
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Inherited genetic mutations, such as Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis, increase the risk.
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Inflammatory diseases, such as Crohn's disease and celiac disease, can cause chronic inflammation.
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Red meat, processed foods, and low fiber diets may contribute to intestinal cancer development.
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The risk increases with age and is more common in men than in women.
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People who have had other cancers, especially colorectal cancer, may be at greater risk.
Symptoms
Intestinal cancer symptoms can be nonspecific and include:
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Pain in the abdomen that persists or intermittently occurs.
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Weight loss without apparent cause: Significant weight loss.
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Vomiting and nausea: Frequent episodes of nausea and vomiting.
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Stools with blood in them may appear black or tarry.
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Bowel Habits Changes: Diarrhea, constipation, or stool shape changes.
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Persistent tiredness and weakness are symptoms of fatigue.
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Often caused by intestinal bleeding, anemia is a low red blood cell count.
Diagnosis
There are several steps involved in diagnosing intestinal cancer:
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An initial assessment includes a review of medical history and a physical examination.
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Anemia and cancer signs can be detected with blood tests.
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Imaging studies: CT scans, MRIs, or PET scans to visualize and identify tumors in the small intestine.
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An endoscopy is a procedure used to visualize the inside of the intestines and take biopsy samples, such as capsule endoscopy, enteroscopy, or colonoscopy.
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During a biopsy, tissue samples from the intestine are examined under a microscope to determine whether cancer cells are present.
Treatment
Depending on the stage and location of intestinal cancer, treatment may include:
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The primary treatment involves removing the tumor and surrounding tissue. A portion of the small intestine may be removed in some cases.
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A chemotherapy drug kills or stops cancer cells from growing. It may be used to shrink a tumor before surgery or to eliminate any remaining cancer cells after surgery.
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In small intestine cancers, radiation therapy is less commonly used to target and kill cancer cells.
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A targeted therapy targets specific molecules that are involved in the growth and spread of cancer.
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Treatments that stimulate the body's immune system to fight cancer.
Prevention
Several strategies can be used to prevent intestinal cancer:
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Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and reducing red and processed meat consumption.
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Screening: Regular screening and surveillance can detect precancerous changes early in those with a family history or genetic predisposition.
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Inflammatory conditions such as Crohn's disease or celiac disease should be managed properly to reduce inflammation.
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Limiting exposure to known carcinogens such as tobacco and excessive alcohol by avoiding smoking and drinking.
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Regular exercise reduces cancer risk and maintains overall health.
Conclusion
Detecting intestinal cancer early and receiving appropriate treatment is crucial for improving outcomes. Understanding the causes, recognizing the symptoms, and seeking medical attention in a timely manner are crucial steps in preventing it. In order to reduce the risk of developing intestinal cancer and promote intestinal health, it is important to maintain a healthy lifestyle and schedule regular screenings.
