Intertrigo: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
A skin condition called intertrigo occurs when moist skin rubs against one another, causing inflammation, infection, and redness. In addition to causing redness, itching, burning, and pain, intertrigo can also cause complications such as skin breakdown, ulcers, and abscesses. It usually affects the skin folds, such as under the breasts, in the groin, or between the toes.
Causes
During intertrigo, friction, moisture, and heat create an ideal environment for bacteria, fungi, or yeast to grow and multiply. Some of the most common microorganisms that cause intertrigo are:
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Candida, a type of yeast that causes a bright red rash with white patches or scales
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Staphylococcus, a type of bacteria that causes a yellowish or greenish pus or crust
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Streptococcus, a type of bacteria that causes a honey-colored crust or blisters
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Corynebacterium, a type of bacteria that causes a brownish or blackish discoloration or odor
Some risk factors that can increase the chances of developing intertrigo are:
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Obesity, as excess weight can create more skin folds and friction
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Diabetes, as high blood sugar can impair the skin’s ability to heal and fight infections
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Poor hygiene, as dirt and sweat can irritate and infect the skin
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Tight clothing, as it can trap moisture and heat in the skin folds
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Allergies, as they can cause skin sensitivity and inflammation
Symptoms
The symptoms of intertrigo vary depending on the type and severity of the infection. Some common symptoms are:
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Redness, warmth, or swelling of the skin folds
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Itching, burning, or stinging sensation in the affected areas
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Cracking, peeling, or bleeding of the skin
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Foul-smelling discharge or odor from the skin folds
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Pain or discomfort during movement or contact
The symptoms of intertrigo can worsen with humidity, sweating, or friction. They can also spread to other parts of the body, such as the face, scalp, or nails.
Diagnosis
Intertrigo can be diagnosed by a physical examination of the skin folds and the medical history of the patient. A swab or a biopsy of the skin may also be necessary to identify the microorganism responsible for the infection. In order to check for underlying diseases that may affect the skin, such as diabetes, anemia, or immune disorders, the doctor may order blood tests.
Treatment
The treatment of intertrigo depends on the cause and extent of the infection. The main goals of treatment are to reduce the inflammation, clear the infection, and prevent recurrence. Some possible treatments are:
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Topical medications, such as creams, ointments, or powders, that contain anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, or antiseptic agents, to soothe and heal the skin
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Oral medications, such as antibiotics, antifungals, or steroids, to treat severe or widespread infections or complications
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Lifestyle changes, such as losing weight, improving hygiene, wearing loose-fitting clothing, and avoiding irritants or allergens, to reduce the risk factors and prevent further damage to the skin
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Surgery, such as excision, drainage, or skin grafting, to remove or repair severely damaged or infected skin
Prevention
Intertrigo can be prevented by keeping the skin folds clean, dry, and cool. Some tips to prevent intertrigo are:
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Wash the skin folds daily with mild soap and water, and pat them dry gently
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Apply a thin layer of barrier cream, such as zinc oxide or petroleum jelly, to protect the skin from moisture and friction
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Use absorbent pads, cotton balls, or gauze to wick away sweat and moisture from the skin folds
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Change clothes and underwear frequently, and avoid wearing synthetic fabrics or tight-fitting garments
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Apply talcum powder, cornstarch, or baking soda to the skin folds to absorb excess moisture and reduce odor
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Avoid scratching, rubbing, or picking at the skin folds, as it can worsen the irritation and infection
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Seek medical attention if the symptoms persist, worsen, or recur, or if there are signs of complications, such as fever, pus, or ulcers
Intertrigo is a common and treatable skin condition that can affect anyone with moist skin folds. With proper care and prevention, intertrigo can be cured and avoided.
