Causes
Interstitial keratitis (IK) is an inflammation of the cornea's stroma that can cause scarring and vision loss.
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It is most commonly associated with syphilis, but can also be caused by tuberculosis, herpes simplex virus, or Epstein-Barr virus.
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Conditions such as sarcoidosis, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis can trigger IK.
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IK is more likely to develop in infants born with congenital syphilis.
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The secondary manifestation of IK can also be caused by various systemic inflammatory diseases.
Symptoms
Interstitial keratitis symptoms can vary in severity, but typically include:
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Pain or discomfort in the affected eye.
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Increased redness of the eyes.
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Decreased clarity of vision is referred to as blurred vision.
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Light sensitivity is called photophobia.
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Watery eyes or excessive tearing.
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Untreated, vision loss progresses.
Diagnosis
A comprehensive eye examination may be necessary to diagnose interstitial keratitis.
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Analyzing the patient's medical and ocular history to identify potential causes.
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Using a specialized microscope, a slit lamp examination examines the cornea in detail.
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Fluorescein dye is applied to the eye to highlight areas of inflammation or damage.
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Testing for underlying infections or autoimmune conditions in the laboratory.
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To assess the extent of corneal damage, optical coherence tomography (OCT) or corneal topography is used.
Treatment
Interstitial keratitis is treated by addressing the underlying cause and managing the symptoms:
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Infections caused by bacteria, such as syphilis and tuberculosis, can be treated with antibiotics.
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For viral causes such as herpes simplex, antiviral medication is used.
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Inflammation and scarring can be reduced with steroid eye drops.
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To control the immune response in autoimmune-related IK.
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Dryness and discomfort can be alleviated with lubricating eye drops.
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A corneal transplant may be necessary in severe cases.
Prevention
Interstitial keratitis can be prevented by addressing its root causes and maintaining eye health:
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Early diagnosis and treatment of infections like syphilis and herpes can prevent IK.
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Early detection and treatment of corneal inflammation can be achieved through regular eye examinations.
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In order to reduce the risk of secondary IK, autoimmune diseases should be managed properly.
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In environments that pose a risk to the eyes, wear protective eyewear.
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Maintaining good hygiene to prevent infections that can cause IK.
Conclusion
In the absence of proper treatment, interstitial keratitis can lead to significant vision impairment. Knowing its causes, recognizing early symptoms, and seeking timely medical intervention are essential. If properly diagnosed and treated, IK can be minimized, and vision can be preserved. Preventing this condition begins with regular eye care and managing underlying health conditions.
