Causes
Infectious arthritis, also known as septic arthritis, is an infection of a joint caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi.
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Infections caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are also common.
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Viral arthritis can be caused by viruses such as hepatitis B and C, parvovirus B19, and HIV.
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There are a few fungi that can cause fungal arthritis, such as Candida and Histoplasma.
It is possible for an infection in a joint to enter the bloodstream from another part of the body, through a penetrating injury or surgery, or by infecting a nearby bone.
Symptoms
Infectious arthritis can cause the following symptoms:
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Pain in the affected joint that is exacerbated by movement.
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Joint swelling: Significant swelling around the joint.
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The skin over the joint may appear red and feel warm.
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Infectious arthritis is often accompanied by a high fever.
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Pain and swelling limit mobility in the affected joint.
Diagnosis
Infectious arthritis is diagnosed by:
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Examine the affected joint and assess the symptoms.
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Aspiration of synovial fluid from joints for laboratory analysis to identify infectious agents.
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Testing of the blood for signs of infection and to identify the causative organism.
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An X-ray, MRI, or ultrasound is used to assess joint damage and rule out other conditions.
Treatment
Infectious arthritis treatment aims to eliminate the infection and relieve symptoms:
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Based on the type of bacteria identified, antibiotics are promptly administered, often intravenously at first.
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Infections caused by fungi or viruses can be treated with antifungals or antivirals.
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The removal of infected synovial fluid through needle aspiration, arthroscopy, or open surgery is known as joint drainage.
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NSAIDs or corticosteroids are used to manage pain.
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After the infection has been controlled, physical therapy is used to restore joint function and mobility.
Prevention
Infectious arthritis can be prevented by taking the following measures:
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Infections should be treated promptly to prevent them from spreading to joints.
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After an injury or surgery, maintaining good hygiene is essential to preventing infections.
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Staying up-to-date with vaccinations to prevent diseases that can cause infectious arthritis, such as influenza and hepatitis.
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The importance of regular medical check-ups for individuals with underlying health conditions or a history of joint problems cannot be overstated.
Conclusion
Infectious arthritis is a serious condition requiring immediate medical attention to prevent joint damage and other complications. Understanding the causes, recognizing the symptoms early, and seeking prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial. Preventive measures, such as good hygiene, timely treatment of infections, and vaccinations, can help reduce the risk of developing infectious arthritis. Early intervention and comprehensive care are key to effective management and recovery.
