Causes
In infantile pyloric stenosis, the pylorus, the muscle between the stomach and small intestine, thickens, preventing food from passing through. Several factors may cause this condition, including:
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Having a family history of pyloric stenosis increases the risk.
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It is more common in male infants than in female infants.
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Certain antibiotics may increase the risk if they are taken too early.
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Infants who are breastfed have a lower risk of developing the condition than those who are formula fed.
Symptoms
In infants with infantile pyloric stenosis, the following symptoms usually appear within the first few weeks of life:
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After eating, projectile vomiting occurs when there is an arcing forceful vomiting.
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Dehydration is characterized by lethargy, dry mouth, and fewer wet diapers.
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It is common for babies to seem constantly hungry despite frequent vomiting.
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Loss of weight or a lack of weight gain.
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In the abdomen, peristaltic waves may be visible following feeding.
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Often described as a small, firm mass, an olive-shaped mass can be felt in the upper abdomen.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing infantile pyloric stenosis involves several steps:
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An assessment of the baby's symptoms and a physical examination are conducted to look for the characteristic olive-shaped mass.
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It is possible to visualize the thickened pyloric muscle using ultrasound.
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A barium swallow study involves the baby swallowing a barium solution to highlight his stomach and pylorus.
Treatment
The primary treatment for infantile pyloric stenosis is surgery:
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Cutting the outer layer of the thickened pyloric muscle allows food to pass.
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To stabilize the baby's electrolyte levels and hydration levels before surgery, intravenous fluids are administered.
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The first feeding should consist of small amounts of clear liquids, followed by formula or breast milk.
Prevention
The cause of infantile pyloric stenosis is unknown, but early detection and treatment are crucial to preventing complications.
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It is important to keep track of feeding patterns, vomiting, and weight gain.
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A healthcare provider should be consulted if vomiting persists or other symptoms occur.
Conclusion
Infants with infantile pyloric stenosis must receive immediate medical attention to avoid severe complications like dehydration and weight loss. To ensure the well-being of affected infants, it is crucial to recognize the symptoms early, understand the causes, and seek timely diagnosis and treatment. Although prevention is unclear, monitoring an infant's health and consulting a healthcare provider at the first sign of trouble can ensure early intervention and effective treatment.
