Causes
In women, hirsutism is characterized by excessive hair growth in areas where men typically grow hair, such as the face, chest, and back.
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In women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), adrenal gland disorders, and certain medications, hormone imbalance can cause hirsutism.
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Hirsutism may run in families, suggesting a genetic predisposition.
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Women with insulin resistance or diabetes may have higher levels of androgens, resulting in hirsutism.
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Corticosteroids, danazol, and testosterone can cause hirsutism as a side effect.
Symptoms
Hirsutism may cause the following symptoms:
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Growth of thick, dark hair in areas associated with male pattern hair growth, such as the face, chest, abdomen, and back.
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It is more common for men to have coarse or stiff hair, as opposed to women's fine or vellus hair.
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Women with hirsutism may also experience acne or oily skin due to increased androgen levels.
Diagnosis
The following steps are involved in diagnosing hirsutism:
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A healthcare provider will ask about symptoms, menstrual history, family history, medications, and supplements.
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Examination of hair growth patterns and signs of virilization (masculinization), such as acne and deepening of voice.
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Tests of hormone levels, including testosterone, DHEAS (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate), LH (luteinizing hormone), and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), may be ordered.
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Occasionally, imaging studies such as ultrasound or MRI may be conducted to evaluate the ovaries or adrenal glands for abnormalities.
Treatment
The treatment options for hirsutism aim to manage symptoms and address underlying causes.
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It is possible to regulate hormone levels and reduce androgen production by taking oral contraceptives containing estrogen and progestin. Anti-androgen medications such as spironolactone or finasteride may also be prescribed to limit androgen production.
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The use of prescription creams or lotions containing eflornithine can help slow the growth of facial hair.
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Shaving, waxing, threading, or laser hair removal can help manage excessive hair growth. Electrolysis may also be an option for permanent hair removal.
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Improve symptoms by maintaining a healthy weight, managing insulin resistance through diet and exercise, and avoiding medications that worsen hirsutism.
Prevention
Certain lifestyle measures may help reduce the risk or severity of hirsutism, even though it cannot always be prevented:
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It may be possible to prevent or manage hirsutism by maintaining a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise.
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Practicing stress-reducing techniques such as meditation, yoga, or deep breathing exercises may be beneficial for managing chronic stress.
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Medications that cause hirsutism should be avoided if possible, or alternative options should be discussed with your healthcare provider.
Conclusion
Many women with hirsutism can experience distressing symptoms, but with proper diagnosis and treatment, they can manage their symptoms effectively and improve their quality of life. Women with hirsutism can achieve smoother, more comfortable skin by addressing hormonal imbalances and making lifestyle changes. For an accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plan, women experiencing excessive hair growth should consult with a healthcare provider.
