Causes
Pes cavus, or a high arch, is a condition in which the arch of the foot is abnormally raised.
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There is a genetic predisposition to pes cavus, which suggests it runs in families.
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Muscle imbalance and abnormal foot posture can be caused by neurological disorders such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord lesions.
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Pes cavus can also be caused by conditions that affect muscle tone and strength, such as muscular dystrophy.
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Injuries to the foot, such as fractures or ligament damage, may cause a high arch.
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Pes cavus can also be caused by other medical conditions such as polio or stroke.
Symptoms
A high arch may cause the following symptoms:
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Pain in the arch, heel, or ball of the foot caused by weight-bearing activities such as walking or standing.
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The altered foot mechanics may result in claw toes or hammertoes, where the toes bend abnormally.
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Reduced stability and balance, making it difficult to walk on uneven surfaces or participate in agility-requiring activities.
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Due to excessive pressure and friction, thickened areas of skin (calluses) or hardened bumps (corns) can develop on the sole of the foot.
Diagnosis
A high arch is typically diagnosed by:
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A healthcare provider will visually inspect the feet and observe the standing posture to assess the arch height.
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When a neurological disorder is suspected, a neurological examination may be conducted to evaluate muscle strength, reflexes, and coordination.
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X-rays or other imaging tests may be ordered to assess the bony structure of the foot.
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EMG tests may be recommended to evaluate nerve function and detect abnormalities in muscle activity in some cases.
Treatment
A high arch can be treated in a variety of ways to relieve symptoms and improve foot function.
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Custom-made orthotic inserts or arch supports can reduce foot pain and discomfort by redistributing pressure.
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Stretching and strengthening the muscles of the foot and ankle can improve flexibility, stability, and overall foot mechanics.
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Modifications to footwear: Wearing supportive footwear with ample cushioning and a wide toe box can help reduce pressure points and accommodate the high arch.
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When conservative measures fail to provide relief, surgical corrections may be considered to realign bones, release tight soft tissues, or correct deformities.
Prevention
There are steps individuals can take to minimize symptoms and complications of a high arch, including genetic factors and neurological conditions.
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Keep a Healthy Weight: Excess body weight can exacerbate foot pain and discomfort, so maintaining a healthy weight will reduce foot strain.
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For proper alignment and support, choose shoes with adequate arch support, cushioning, and a stable heel counter.
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Strengthening the muscles of the foot, ankle, and lower leg can help improve foot function and stability with regular exercise.
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In order to prevent worsening of symptoms and complications, seek medical attention promptly if you experience foot pain or notice changes in foot structure.
Conclusion
Several factors contribute to the development of a high arch, or pes cavus, including genetics, neurological conditions, and foot trauma. However, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help alleviate symptoms and improve foot function. Patients with pes cavus can manage their condition effectively and maintain an active lifestyle by working with healthcare providers, such as podiatrists and physical therapists.
