Herpangina: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Herpangina is a viral infection that most commonly affects children under the age of 10. In addition to blisters in the mouth and throat, it causes fever, sore throat, headache, and loss of appetite. In most cases, herpangina does not require medication and goes away on its own within a week. However, it can sometimes cause complications such as dehydration, meningitis, or neurological problems. Understanding the causes, treatment, and prevention of this condition is important.
Causes of Herpangina
Enteroviruses, including coxsackieviruses A and B, echoviruses, and enterovirus 71, cause herpangina. In the summer and fall, when these viruses are more active, herpangina is more common due to their highly contagious nature and can spread through respiratory droplets, saliva, feces, or contact with contaminated objects.
Symptoms of Herpangina
The symptoms of herpangina usually appear two to five days after exposure to the virus. They include:
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Fever
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Sore throat
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Headache
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Neck pain
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Swollen lymph glands
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Difficulty swallowing
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Loss of appetite
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Drooling or vomiting (in infants)
The most distinctive symptom of herpangina is the presence of small, white or gray blisters with red borders in the back of the mouth and throat. These blisters can be very painful and make eating and drinking difficult. They usually heal within seven days without scarring.
Diagnosis of Herpangina
There are no special tests required to diagnose herpangina except in cases of complications or other conditions that need to be ruled out. Herpangina is usually diagnosed based on symptoms and a physical examination of the mouth and throat. To check for strep throat, mononucleosis, or other infections, a throat swab or blood test may be performed.
Treatment of Herpangina
There is no specific treatment or cure for herpangina, as it is a viral infection that will resolve on its own. The treatment is aimed at relieving the symptoms and preventing dehydration. Some of the treatment options include:
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Taking over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, to reduce fever and pain. Do not give aspirin to children, as it can cause a rare but serious condition called Reye’s syndrome.
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Using mouthwashes or sprays that contain lidocaine or benzocaine, to numb the mouth and throat and ease the discomfort. Do not use these products in children under 2 years old, as they can cause serious side effects.
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Drinking plenty of fluids, such as water, milk, or juice, to stay hydrated and soothe the throat. Avoid acidic, spicy, or hot foods and drinks, as they can irritate the blisters.
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Eating soft, bland foods, such as ice cream, yogurt, mashed potatoes, or soup, that are easy to swallow and do not cause further pain.
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Getting enough rest and sleep, to help the body fight off the infection and recover faster.
Prevention of Herpangina
The best way to prevent herpangina is to avoid contact with people who have the infection and practice good hygiene. Some of the preventive measures include:
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Washing hands frequently and thoroughly with soap and water, especially after using the bathroom, changing diapers, coughing, sneezing, or touching shared objects.
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Covering the mouth and nose with a tissue or elbow when coughing or sneezing, and disposing of the tissue properly.
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Not sharing utensils, cups, bottles, or toys with others, especially children who may have the infection.
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Cleaning and disinfecting surfaces and objects that may be contaminated with the virus, such as toys, doorknobs, faucets, or countertops.
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Keeping children who have the infection at home and away from school or daycare, until they are fever-free and the blisters have healed.
