Here's what you need to know about hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), a rare but serious respiratory disease caused by hantaviruses.
Causes
HPS is caused by several types of hantaviruses, which are usually transmitted to humans through contact with rodents, urine, droppings, or saliva. Infection can occur when particles of virus-containing rodent urine or droppings are stirred into the air, and people breathe them in.
Symptoms
Symptoms of HPS usually appear one to five weeks after exposure to the virus and may include:
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Symptoms of fever include chills and body aches, as well as a sudden high fever.
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Muscle aches: Severe muscle pain, especially in the thighs, hips, back, and sometimes shoulders.
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The feeling of extreme fatigue and weakness.
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Symptoms of shortness of breath include difficulty breathing and severe respiratory distress.
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Sputum-producing cough: Dry cough.
Diagnosis
It is challenging to diagnose HPS because of its nonspecific symptoms, which can resemble those of other respiratory illnesses.
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A healthcare provider will assess the patient's symptoms, medical history, and exposure to rodents or their habitats.
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Antibodies to hantaviruses or viral genetic material may be detected in blood tests.
Treatment
In order to manage symptoms and complications of HPS, supportive care is essential. This may include:
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Patients with severe HPS may need hospitalization for supportive care, including supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilation.
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To maintain hydration and maintain blood pressure, intravenous fluids may be administered.
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In order to alleviate fever and discomfort, pain relievers and antipyretics may be prescribed.
Prevention
There are several preventive measures that can be taken to prevent HPS, including minimizing exposure to rodents and their habitats.
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Seal up holes and gaps in buildings to prevent rodents from entering. Use traps to capture rodents and keep areas clean to discourage them.
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Use wet cleaning methods and wear gloves and masks when cleaning up rodent-infested areas or working outdoors in areas where rodents may be present.
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Especially in areas with hantavirus activity, avoid contact with rodents, their droppings, and nesting materials.
Conclusion
Although HPS can be life-threatening, you can prevent it by taking precautions to prevent exposure to rodents and their habitats. It is a rare but potentially life-threatening respiratory illness transmitted by rodents. The management of HPS and improved outcomes for affected individuals depend on early recognition of symptoms and prompt medical attention.
