This is a rare type of granuloma, which is a mass of immune cells that form when the immune system tries to contain a chronic infection.
Causes
Generally, gumma is associated with tertiary syphilis, a late stage of the sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. However, it can also occur with tuberculosis and leprosy.
Symptoms
The symptoms of gumma vary depending on where it is located, but may include:
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Skin, mucous membranes, bones, or internal organs may develop painless, firm nodules or ulcers.
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Untreated gummas can cause tissue damage and scarring.
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Symptoms such as fever, fatigue, and weight loss may occur in advanced cases.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of gumma involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. These steps may include:
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Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and any potential risk factors for syphilis.
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Your doctor will examine the affected area and may perform additional tests to determine the extent of tissue damage.
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In addition to blood tests such as the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) or Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay (TPPA), biopsies of the gums may also be performed to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment
As a general rule, gumma is treated with antibiotics to eradicate the infection. In syphilitic gumma, penicillin is the preferred treatment. Patients who are allergic to penicillin or who are resistant to antibiotics may also be treated with doxycycline or ceftriaxone.
Prevention
In order to prevent gumma, underlying infections must be prevented. In order to prevent sexually transmitted infections like syphilis from developing, it is important to practice safe sex and to seek prompt treatment for any suspected infections before they progress to an advanced stage.
Conclusion
Gumma is a rare but serious manifestation of certain chronic infections, most commonly tertiary syphilis. It presents as painless nodules or ulcers on the skin, mucous membranes, bones, or internal organs and can cause tissue damage if left untreated. Antibiotics are prescribed to eradicate the underlying infection after a thorough medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests are performed. Gumma prevention involves safe sex practices and prompt treatment of suspected infections. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to preventing complications and improving outcomes.
