Grover’s Disease: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
In Grover's disease, a rash of small, red bumps spread across the chest and back. The rash can last for weeks, months, or even years. Despite not knowing the exact cause of Grover's disease, certain factors, including heat, sweating, sun exposure, dry skin, and certain medications, could trigger it. A majority of Grover’s disease patients are white men over the age of 50, though it can also affect women and younger individuals.
Causes and Risk Factors of Grover’s Disease
The rash of Grover’s disease occurs when the proteins that hold the skin cells together break down partially. This causes the skin cells to detach from each other and form blisters or bumps. The reason why this happens is not clear, but some possible triggers or risk factors are:
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Increased sweating
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Fever
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Prolonged bed rest, such as during hospital stays
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Extended periods of sun exposure
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Dry skin, especially during the winter months
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Certain medications, such as some chemotherapy drugs
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Organ transplants
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End-stage renal (kidney) disease and hemodialysis
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Exposure to radiation, such as X-rays or CT scans
Some people with Grover’s disease may also have other types of eczema, such as atopic dermatitis.
Symptoms of Grover’s Disease
Itchy rashes of small, raised pink spots are the main symptom of Grover's disease. The spots may have a small scab or blister inside. The rash may spread to the upper arms, neck, or abdomen, but rarely affects the face, scalp, hands, or feet. Itching may be mild or severe, and it may interfere with daily activities and sleep quality. The rash may come and go over time, or it may persist for a long time.
Diagnosis of Grover’s Disease
A doctor will examine Grover’s disease's skin and ask about its symptoms and possible triggers to diagnose it. The doctor may also use a device called a dermatoscope to examine the skin more closely. Sometimes, a skin biopsy is needed to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other skin conditions. A skin biopsy involves taking a small sample of skin and examining it under a microscope.
Treatment of Grover’s Disease
There is no cure for Grover’s disease, but there are treatments that can help relieve the symptoms and prevent flare-ups. The treatment options may include:
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Oral medications, such as antihistamines, antibiotics, or corticosteroids, to reduce itching, inflammation, and infection
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Topical creams or ointments, such as corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, or coal tar, to soothe and heal the skin
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Phototherapy, which involves exposing the skin to ultraviolet light under medical supervision, to reduce inflammation and itching
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Lifestyle changes, such as avoiding triggers, wearing loose-fitting cotton clothing, moisturizing the skin regularly, and keeping cool and dry
Prevention of Grover’s Disease
There is no way to prevent Grover’s disease completely, but some steps that may help reduce the risk or severity of the rash are:
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Avoiding or minimizing exposure to heat, sweating, sun, dry air, or radiation
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Using gentle, fragrance-free soaps and detergents
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Applying moisturizers after bathing or showering
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Drinking plenty of water to stay hydrated
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Seeking medical attention if the rash becomes infected, painful, or widespread
Outlook
It is not life-threatening, but Grover's disease can cause significant discomfort and distress. It may last a short or long time, and it may recur after clearing. The prognosis depends on the individual's response to treatment and the severity of the rash. People with Grover's disease may experience complete remission, while others may have chronic or recurrent symptoms. Internal organs are not affected or skin cancer is not increased. Grover's disease may affect the quality of life and self-esteem of the affected person. Therefore, seeking medical attention and following the treatment plan are important to manage the condition and improve well-being.
