Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes gonococcal conjunctivitis, an eye infection. When infected genital secretions come in contact with the eye, they cause inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin membrane covering the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids. Here's what you need to know:
Causes
Infections caused by gonococcal conjunctivitis are caused by the same bacterium that causes gonorrhea, Neisseria gonorrhoeae. As a result of unprotected oral-genital contact or the contact of contaminated hands with the eyes, the infection is usually transmitted through direct contact with infected genital secretions.
Symptoms
Gonococcal conjunctivitis may cause the following symptoms:
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Inflammation of the conjunctiva can cause the eyes to appear red or bloodshot.
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If you wake up in the morning, you may notice a thick, yellowish discharge from your eyes. This can cause crusting and stickiness.
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Individuals may experience discomfort when blinking, particularly if their eyes are sore, itchy, or irritated.
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Inflammation of the eyelids and surrounding tissues can cause a feeling of heaviness or pressure in the eye area.
Diagnosis
A combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests is used to diagnose gonococcal conjunctivitis. Diagnostic steps include:
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Information about recent sexual activity and symptoms is collected as part of the medical history.
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Examining the eyes and eyelids for redness, discharge, and swelling.
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Collecting eye discharge samples for culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing to identify Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Treatment
An antibiotic is usually prescribed for gonococcal conjunctivitis in order to eliminate the underlying bacterial infection. Common antibiotics include ceftriaxone and cefixime, which can be administered orally or by injection. To relieve symptoms and promote healing, antibiotics may be recommended along with supportive care such as warm compresses and gentle eyelid hygiene.
Prevention
Practice good hygiene and avoid exposure to infected genital secretions to prevent gonococcal conjunctivitis.
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To reduce the risk of gonorrhea transmission, use condoms consistently and correctly during sexual activity, including oral-genital contact.
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When handling genital secretions or engaging in sexual activity, be careful not to touch the eyes with contaminated hands.
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To receive timely diagnosis and treatment, seek medical attention if experiencing symptoms of conjunctivitis, especially after potential exposure to gonorrhea.
Conclusion
As a result of contact with infected genital secretions, gonorrhoeae conjunctivitis is an eye infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. A combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests is used to diagnose this condition. The bacterial infection is eliminated with antibiotics and supportive care. Gonococcal conjunctivitis can be prevented by practicing good hygiene, using safe sex, and seeking prompt treatment for symptoms.
