Gestational Diabetes: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
The condition gestational diabetes occurs when the body does not produce enough insulin to control blood sugar levels during pregnancy. After the baby is born, gestational diabetes usually goes away, but it can increase both the mother's and the baby's complications. We will discuss gestational diabetes in this blog post in terms of its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
Causes of Gestational Diabetes
The exact causes of gestational diabetes are not fully understood, but some factors may increase the likelihood of developing it. These include:
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Being overweight or obese before or during pregnancy
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Having a family history of diabetes
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Having a previous history of gestational diabetes or giving birth to a large baby
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Being older than 25 years
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Having polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
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Having a certain ethnic background, such as African, Asian, Hispanic, or Native American
Placental function and hormone production may be affected by these factors. When insulin resistance occurs, the body needs more insulin to maintain a normal blood sugar level. Insulin is a hormone that helps the body use glucose (sugar) for energy. If the pancreas is unable to produce enough insulin, gestational diabetes occurs.
Symptoms of Gestational Diabetes
Gestational diabetes may not cause any noticeable symptoms in some women. However, some possible signs and symptoms include:
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Increased thirst and urination
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Fatigue and hunger
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Blurred vision and headaches
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Recurrent infections, such as yeast infections or urinary tract infections
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Nausea and vomiting
These symptoms may also be caused by other conditions or by normal changes during pregnancy. Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor if you experience any of them.
Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes
In order to diagnose gestational diabetes, blood sugar levels are measured. This test is called an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and is done between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. Blood samples will be taken before and after drinking a sugary liquid. Results will show how well your body handles glucose.
There may be differences in the criteria for diagnosing gestational diabetes depending on the guidelines used by different countries or organizations. A common threshold, however, is 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) or higher after one hour, or 153 mg/dL (8.5 mmol/L) after two hours.
If a woman has gestational diabetes risk factors or symptoms suggestive of high blood sugar, she may be screened earlier in pregnancy.
Treatment of Gestational Diabetes
The main goal of treating gestational diabetes is to keep the blood sugar levels within a normal range and to prevent complications for the mother and the baby. The treatment plan may include:
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Following a healthy diet that is low in sugar and carbohydrates and high in fiber, protein, and healthy fats
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Monitoring the blood sugar levels regularly using a home glucose meter
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Exercising moderately for at least 30 minutes a day, unless advised otherwise by the doctor
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Taking insulin injections or oral medications if diet and exercise are not enough to control the blood sugar levels
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Having regular check-ups with the doctor and the obstetrician to monitor the health of the mother and the baby
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Planning for a safe delivery and postpartum care
The treatment of gestational diabetes may vary depending on the individual needs and preferences of each woman. The doctor will provide guidance and support throughout the pregnancy and beyond.
Prevention of Gestational Diabetes
Gestational diabetes cannot be completely prevented, but some lifestyle changes may reduce the risk of developing it or having it recur in future pregnancies. These include:
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Maintaining a healthy weight before and during pregnancy
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Eating a balanced diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean meats, and low-fat dairy products
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Avoiding sugary drinks and foods that are high in calories and fat
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Drinking plenty of water and staying hydrated
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Quitting smoking and avoiding alcohol and drugs
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Being physically active for at least 150 minutes per week
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Managing stress and getting enough sleep
Some women experience gestational diabetes during pregnancy. If left untreated, it can have serious consequences for both mother and child. But with proper diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, gestational diabetes can be managed effectively and safely. If you have any questions or concerns about gestational diabetes, please speak to your doctor or health care provider.
