Fungal Infections: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Millions of people around the world suffer from fungus infections, caused by yeasts, molds, and dermatophytes that grow on their skin, nails, hair, or mucous membranes. Infections caused by fungi can be mild to severe, depending on the type of fungus, the location of the body affected, and the person's immune system.
Causes of Fungal Infections
Some fungi live naturally on our skin because they are everywhere in the environment. However, fungi can multiply and cause an infection when the skin becomes injured, moist, or warm, or when the immune system weakens. Here are some factors that can increase the risk of fungal infections:
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Wearing tight or synthetic clothing that traps moisture and heat
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Sharing personal items, such as towels, razors, or nail clippers, with someone who has a fungal infection
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Having diabetes, obesity, or other medical conditions that affect blood circulation or immunity
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Taking antibiotics, steroids, or immunosuppressants that alter the normal balance of microorganisms on the skin
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Having a history of fungal infections or a family history of fungal infections
Symptoms of Fungal Infections
Fungal infections can affect different parts of the body, and the symptoms may vary depending on the type and location of the infection. Some common symptoms of fungal infections are:
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Itching, burning, or irritation of the skin
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Redness, swelling, or inflammation of the skin
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Cracking, peeling, or scaling of the skin
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Blisters, pustules, or pus-filled sores on the skin
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Discoloration, thickening, or brittleness of the nails
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Hair loss or bald patches on the scalp or beard
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White patches, redness, or soreness in the mouth or throat
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Vaginal discharge, itching, or burning in women
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Pain or difficulty urinating in men
Diagnosis of Fungal Infections
In order to diagnose a fungal infection, a doctor examines the affected area and asks about the symptoms and medical history. A sample of the skin, nail, hair, or mucous membrane may also be sent to a laboratory for examination. In order to identify the type of fungus causing the infection, the laboratory may use microscopy, culture, or molecular tests.
Treatment of Fungal Infections
It depends on the type, severity, and location of fungal infections how they should be treated. Medications that kill the fungus and clear the infection, such as creams, ointments, sprays, powders, tablets, or injections, may be prescribed by the doctor. Depending on the response and the recurrence of the infection, the duration of the treatment may vary from a few days to several weeks or months. Common antifungal medications include:
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Clotrimazole, miconazole, ketoconazole, or terbinafine for skin infections
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Fluconazole, itraconazole, or voriconazole for systemic infections
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Nystatin, clotrimazole, or miconazole for oral or vaginal infections
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Griseofulvin or terbinafine for nail or hair infections
Prevention of Fungal Infections
Fungal infections can be prevented by following some simple hygiene and lifestyle measures, such as:
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Keeping the skin clean and dry, especially in the folds and creases
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Wearing loose and breathable clothing and shoes that allow air circulation
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Changing socks and underwear daily and washing them in hot water
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Avoiding sharing personal items, such as towels, razors, or nail clippers, with others
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Treating any minor cuts or wounds promptly and keeping them covered
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Managing any underlying medical conditions, such as diabetes, obesity, or immune disorders
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Taking probiotics or yogurt to maintain a healthy balance of microorganisms in the body
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Following the doctor’s instructions and completing the course of antifungal medications
Infections caused by fungus are common and treatable, however if left untreated or poorly managed, they can cause complications and recurrences. If you notice any signs or symptoms of a fungal infection, you must seek medical attention as soon as possible. By following the above tips, you can also prevent fungal infections.
