Cysts form when follicles, structures in the ovary that normally release eggs during ovulation, fail to rupture and release the eggs. Instead, the follicle continues to grow, forming a cyst. Hormonal imbalances, irregular menstrual cycles, and certain medications can all contribute to the formation of follicular cysts.
Symptoms
In some cases, follicular cysts do not cause symptoms and may resolve on their own without treatment.
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The pain in the lower abdomen or pelvis can be dull or sharp.
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A feeling of fullness or bloating in the abdomen.
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Irregular menstrual cycles, such as irregular periods or spotting.
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Intercourse Pain: Discomfort or pain during sexual activity.
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Symptoms of pressure: Changes in urination or bowel habits due to pressure on the bladder or rectum.
Diagnosis
An ovarian follicular cyst is typically diagnosed by:
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Review of the patient's medical history, including symptoms and menstrual patterns.
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Examination of the pelvis for abnormalities or tenderness.
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Studies: Transvaginal ultrasound or pelvic ultrasound to visualize the ovaries and detect cysts.
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A hormonal blood test can be performed to determine hormone levels and rule out other conditions.
Treatment
Follicular cysts of the ovary can be treated in a variety of ways depending on the size and presence of symptoms.
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The cyst may resolve on its own without treatment in many cases. Regular follow-up appointments may be recommended to monitor the cyst.
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It is possible to relieve pelvic pain or discomfort with over-the-counter pain medications, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen.
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For regulating menstrual cycles and preventing cyst formation, hormonal medications may be prescribed.
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Cystectomy may be necessary if the cyst is large, persistent, or causing severe symptoms.
Prevention
Certain measures may help reduce the risk of developing follicular cysts of the ovary, but prevention is not always possible. These include:
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Preventive Gynecological Examinations: Regular pelvic examinations and gynecological screenings can help detect any abnormalities early.
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Oral contraceptives or other hormonal birth control methods may regulate menstrual cycles and prevent cyst formation.
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Maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, and managing stress can help support hormonal balance and reproductive health.
As a result, follicular cysts of the ovary develop inside or on the surface of the ovaries as fluid-filled sacs. In cases of symptoms or large cysts or persistent cysts, monitoring and appropriate management may be necessary. In order to prevent complications associated with follicular cysts of the ovary, regular gynecological examinations and hormonal management may be recommended.
