The bladder extrudes through the abdominal wall in exstrophy of the bladder, a rare congenital condition. The purpose of this blog post is to provide an overview of bladder exstrophy, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
Causes
In most cases, the condition occurs sporadically without any family history of exstrophy of the bladder. The exact cause is unknown. Exstrophy of the bladder is believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors during fetal development. Exstrophy of the bladder can be caused by abnormal pelvic bone development, failure of the bladder to properly close during embryonic development, and genetic mutations.
Symptoms
Exstrophy of the bladder may cause the following symptoms:
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The bladder appears as a visible mass in the lower abdomen when it protrudes through the abdominal wall.
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There is a possibility that the pelvic bones are widened and improperly formed.
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An exposed bladder causes urinary incontinence.
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The abnormal positioning of the bladder increases the risk of urinary tract infections.
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Anomalies associated with exstrophy of the bladder may also affect the urinary tract, genitalia, or musculoskeletal system in some individuals.
Diagnosis
Exstrophy of the bladder is typically diagnosed by:
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An evaluation of the abdominal wall, pelvic region, and external genitalia for signs of bladder exstrophy.
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A bladder, pelvic bones, and surrounding structures may be visualized using imaging tests such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or computed tomography (CT).
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In order to assess the extent of urinary dysfunction, tests may be performed to evaluate bladder function and urinary flow.
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In some cases, genetic testing may be recommended to identify underlying genetic abnormalities associated with bladder exstrophy.
Treatment
An exstrophy of the bladder is typically treated by reconstructing the bladder and abdominal wall. Surgical procedures may include:
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Closure of the bladder and abdominal wall to reposition the bladder within the pelvis and restore normal anatomy.
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Surgical techniques such as bladder augmentation and urinary diversion may be used in cases of severe bladder dysfunction in order to improve bladder capacity and continence.
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Reconstruction of the pelvic bones and soft tissues to enhance bladder and pelvic floor function.
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In addition to monitoring bladder function, managing complications, and addressing any ongoing issues, long-term follow-up care is available with urologists, pediatric surgeons, and other specialists.
Prevention
A congenital condition such as bladder exstrophy cannot be prevented, but certain measures can help reduce complications and improve outcomes:
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Prenatal care and monitoring may help detect potential abnormalities or risk factors for bladder exstrophy during pregnancy.
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Individuals with a family history of congenital anomalies or genetic syndromes associated with bladder exstrophy may benefit from genetic counseling.
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For individuals with bladder exstrophy, prompt diagnosis and early surgical intervention can minimize complications and optimize outcomes.
The bladder is protruded through the abdominal wall in exstrophy of the bladder, a rare congenital condition. Those affected by this condition can receive appropriate support and care if they understand the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies. Seek medical attention for evaluation and management if you or your child is suspected of having bladder exstrophy.
