There are only a few types of soft tissue sarcoma, but epithelioid sarcoma usually affects young adults. This aggressive cancer is derived from epithelial cells in the skin, glands, and other body tissues. This article discusses the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of epithelioid sarcoma.
Causes
The exact cause of epithelioid sarcoma is not well understood. Genetic factors may play a role in the development of this cancer. Mutations in genes that control cell division and growth, such as SMARCB1, have been associated with epithelioid sarcoma. Various potential risk factors may also contribute to epithelioid sarcoma development, but further research is needed to understand these factors.
Symptoms
It usually presents as a painless lump or mass in the soft tissues of the body, usually in the fingers, hands, or forearms. Other common symptoms include:
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Affected area swells or enlarges.
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Joints nearby are stiff or have limited range of motion.
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Changes in the skin, such as redness, warmth, or ulceration.
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A feeling of numbness or tingling in the affected area.
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In advanced cases, symptoms such as fever, fatigue, or weight loss may be present.
Diagnosis
Clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and tissue biopsy are usually used to diagnose epithelioid sarcoma. In order to determine the size and location of the tumor and to determine whether there are any symptoms associated with it, a healthcare provider may perform a physical examination. It is possible to visualize the tumor and surrounding structures using imaging tests, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT). In order to confirm the diagnosis of epithelioid sarcoma and assess the characteristics of the tumor cells under a microscope, a biopsy is typically required.
Treatment
Surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are commonly used to treat epithelioid sarcoma. The specific treatment plan may vary depending on the location and stage of the cancer, as well as the overall health and preferences of the patient. Treatment goals may include:
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Resection of the tumor and surrounding tissue with the goal of achieving negative margins and preventing local recurrence.
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To shrink a tumor before surgery or to target any remaining cancer cells after surgery.
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In advanced or metastatic cancer cases, chemotherapy is used to destroy cancer cells that have spread to other parts of the body.
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Measures to improve quality of life and manage treatment-related side effects, such as pain management and physical therapy.
Prevention
Due to its unknown cause and rarity, epithelioid sarcoma cannot be prevented. However, early detection and prompt treatment can improve outcomes and reduce complications. Detecting lumps or masses in the soft tissues early can be achieved through routine self-examination and routine medical checks. A healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, a balanced diet, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption, may also help reduce cancer risk.
Epithelioid sarcoma is a rare type of soft tissue sarcoma that primarily affects young adults. Understanding its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention are crucial for its early detection and optimal management.
