Inflammatory eosinophilic fasciitis affects the fascia, which surrounds muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. Here are the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of eosinophilic fasciitis.
Causes
Despite not being fully understood, eosinophilic fasciitis has been linked to an abnormal immune response, resulting in inflammation and thickening of the fascia. Potential triggers include:
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Autoimmune factors
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Genetic predisposition
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Infections or environmental factors
Symptoms
Eosinophilic fasciitis often presents with the following symptoms:
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A symmetrical swelling and thickening of the skin, usually affecting the arms, legs, and sometimes the trunk
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A thickening of the fascia makes the skin feel "woody" or "bound down"
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Tenderness or pain in the affected areas, especially when moving
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Joints near the affected areas have a limited range of motion
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Skin discoloration or redness
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It is possible to experience systemic symptoms such as fever, fatigue, or weight loss occasionally
Diagnosis
Eosinophilic fasciitis is typically diagnosed by:
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An individual's medical history and physical examination will be reviewed by a healthcare provider to assess symptoms and signs of inflammation.
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A complete blood count (CBC) with eosinophil count, as well as inflammatory markers such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP), can help detect elevated levels of eosinophils and inflammation.
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In order to visualize the affected areas and assess the extent of fascial thickening, imaging tests such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasound may be performed.
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To confirm the presence of eosinophils and inflammation, a biopsy of the affected skin or fascia can be obtained and examined under a microscope.
Treatment
The treatment for eosinophilic fasciitis aims to reduce inflammation, relieve symptoms, and prevent complications.
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Initially, oral or intravenous corticosteroids are often prescribed to suppress inflammation and reduce fascial thickening.
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The immune response can be modulated with immunosuppressive medications such as methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, or mycophenolate mofetil in cases of severe or refractory disease.
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In order to improve range of motion, strength, and flexibility in affected joints and muscles, physical therapy exercises and interventions may be recommended.
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Eosinophilic fasciitis may be managed with over-the-counter or prescription pain relievers.
Prevention
Due to the rarity and poorly understood nature of eosinophilic fasciitis, there are no specific preventive measures. However, early recognition and treatment can assist in preventing complications and improving outcomes. Those with eosinophilic fasciitis should follow their healthcare provider's recommendations, attend regular follow-up appointments, and report any new or worsening symptoms as soon as possible.
It is a rare inflammatory disorder characterized by thickening of the fascia, causing pain and skin induration, resulting in eosinophilic fasciitis. In order to effectively manage this condition and improve the quality of life for those affected, it is essential to understand its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and preventive strategies.
