A subtype of asthma known as eosinophilic asthma is characterized by higher levels of white blood cells called eosinophils. There are many symptoms of this condition, including wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath, but it is usually more severe and is less responsive to conventional asthma treatments. The following information describes eosinophilic asthma, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
Causes
The exact cause of eosinophilic asthma is not fully understood. However, it is believed to involve an exaggerated immune response in the airways, leading to inflammation and an increase in eosinophil levels. In addition to genetics, environmental triggers (e.g., allergens, pollutants), and viral infections may play a role in the development of eosinophilic asthma.
Symptoms
Symptoms of eosinophilic asthma are similar to those of other types of asthma, including:
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Exhalation wheezing
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Chronic coughing or coughing that worsens at night
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Breathing difficulties or shortness of breath
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Tightness or discomfort in the chest
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Infections or exacerbations of the respiratory system frequently
Diagnosis
Diagnosing eosinophilic asthma typically involves:
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A healthcare provider will review the patient's medical history and conduct a physical examination to determine symptoms and lung function.
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Tests to evaluate lung function and airflow obstruction include spirometry and peak flow measurement.
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A complete blood count (CBC) with an eosinophil count may reveal elevated levels of eosinophils.
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To identify triggers and assess airway inflammation, other tests may be conducted, such as allergy testing, sputum analysis, or imaging studies.
Treatment
Symptoms of eosinophilic asthma can be controlled, airway inflammation reduced, and exacerbations prevented with the following treatments:
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Eosinophilic asthma is treated with inhaled corticosteroids that help reduce inflammation in the airways.
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In order to relieve bronchospasm and improve airflow, short-acting or long-acting bronchodilators may be prescribed.
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In eosinophilic asthma, biologic medications such as anti-interleukin-5 (IL-5) or anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies may target specific inflammatory pathways.
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Those suffering from asthma symptoms who have allergic triggers may benefit from allergen immunotherapy, also known as allergy shots.
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Eosinophilic asthma can be managed by avoiding triggers like allergens, pollutants, and tobacco smoke, maintaining a healthy weight, and staying physically active.
Prevention
Asthma exacerbations can be prevented by identifying and avoiding triggers as much as possible. Dust mites, pet dander, pollen, and mold should not be exposed to individuals with allergic triggers. Maintaining optimal lung function and preventing flare-ups require proper asthma management, including adherence to prescribed medications and regular follow-ups with healthcare providers.
As a result, eosinophilic asthma is a subtype of asthma characterized by persistent inflammation and asthma symptoms caused by increased eosinophil levels in the airways. To manage eosinophilic asthma effectively and improve individuals' quality of life, it is important to understand its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies.
