A rare but serious medical condition called eosinophilia myalgia syndrome (EMS) is characterized by elevated levels of white blood cells known as eosinophils, as well as severe muscle pain and other systemic symptoms. In this article, you'll learn about EMS's causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
Causes
The exact cause of eosinophilia myalgia syndrome is not fully understood. However, it has been linked to the ingestion of contaminated L-tryptophan supplements, which were commonly used as dietary supplements in the late 1980s. In some individuals, certain batches of L-tryptophan were found to contain impurities, resulting in EMS.
Symptoms
Symptoms of eosinophilia myalgia syndrome may include:
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Especially affecting the shoulders, neck, and hips is severe and often debilitating muscle pain.
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The muscle pain may be accompanied by generalized weakness and fatigue.
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A rash, swelling, or thickening of the skin may occur in some individuals.
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Coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath are common respiratory symptoms.
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The patient may also experience digestive symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, or nausea.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing eosinophilia myalgia syndrome typically involves:
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In order to assess symptoms and signs of EMS, the healthcare provider will review the individual's medical history and conduct a physical examination.
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Eosinophil levels may be elevated in blood tests, such as a complete blood count (CBC) and differential.
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Muscle biopsy, electromyography (EMG), or imaging studies may be performed to rule out other conditions and assess the extent of muscle damage.
Treatment
Eosinophilia myalgia syndrome treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and managing complications.
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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or opioids can be prescribed to relieve muscle pain.
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It is possible to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune response with oral or intravenous corticosteroids.
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Muscle strength, flexibility, and function may be improved with physical therapy and gentle exercise programs.
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Symptom management and recovery can be enhanced with supportive measures such as adequate hydration, rest, and nutritional support.
Prevention
Individuals should avoid using contaminated L-tryptophan supplements to prevent eosinophilia myalgia syndrome. Before starting a new supplement regimen, individuals should consult their healthcare professionals. EMS complications can also be prevented by reporting unusual symptoms or adverse reactions to healthcare providers as soon as possible.
The eosinophilia myalgia syndrome is a rare but potentially serious medical condition that is characterized by high blood levels of eosinophils and severe muscle pain. For effective management and optimal outcomes for affected individuals, it is crucial to understand its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies.
