This article discusses the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of ear barotrauma, which occurs when the pressure between the inside and outside of the eardrum differs.
Causes
Flying in airplanes, scuba diving, or driving in mountainous areas are common activities that can cause ear barotrauma. In response to rapid changes in pressure, the eustachian tube (the tube connecting the middle ear to the back of the nose) can become blocked, resulting in discomfort and pressure buildup.
Symptoms
Symptoms of ear barotrauma may include:
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A sharp or dull pain in one or both ears.
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Ear fullness or pressure.
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Changes in hearing: Temporary loss of hearing or muffled hearing.
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A ringing or buzzing sensation in the ear is called tinnitus.
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Dizziness or spinning sensation caused by vertigo.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing ear barotrauma typically involves:
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A healthcare provider will examine the ear to determine whether it is injured or inflamed.
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History of Patient: Asking about recent activities involving changes in pressure, such as flying or diving.
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It can be used to diagnose abnormalities in the middle ear and assess eustachian tube function. Tympanometry measures the movement of the eardrum in response to changes in air pressure.
Treatment
Symptoms of ear barotrauma are relieved and healing is promoted with the following treatment approaches:
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The Valsalva maneuver is performed by gently blowing with the nostrils pinched shut to equalize pressure in the ears. This can open the Eustachian tube and relieve pressure.
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Over-the-counter decongestant medications may reduce inflammation and improve the function of the Eustachian tube.
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Ear pain can be relieved with over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen.
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Barotrauma Prevention: If possible, avoid activities that involve rapid changes in pressure until symptoms resolve.
Prevention
Preventive measures to reduce the risk of ear barotrauma include:
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During activities involving sudden changes in pressure, such as flying or diving, practicing techniques to equalize pressure in the ears, such as swallowing, yawning, or using the Valsalva maneuver.
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By gradually acclimating to changes in altitude or pressure, barotrauma can be minimized.
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When experiencing nasal congestion or sinusitis, avoiding activities involving changes in pressure can reduce the risk of eustachian tube blockage and barotrauma.
The condition of ear barotrauma occurs when pressure changes occur during an activity. A person can effectively manage and prevent ear discomfort and injury associated with barotrauma by understanding its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies.
