Here's a clear overview of the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH).
Causes
The exact cause of DISH is unknown, but several factors may contribute to its development:
-
Individuals over the age of 50 are most likely to have this condition.
-
The risk of DISH may be increased by a family history of the disease.
-
DISH is associated with metabolic conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and hyperinsulinemia.
-
Calcification of ligaments and tendons may be caused by repetitive physical stress.
Symptoms
Symptoms of DISH can vary, with some individuals experiencing no symptoms at all. Common symptoms include:
-
Especially in the mornings or after periods of inactivity, stiffness often affects the spine.
-
Mild to moderate pain in the affected areas, such as the spine, shoulders, hips, knees, or elbows.
-
Especially in the spine, reduced range of motion makes bending and twisting difficult.
-
Symptoms of nerve compression include numbness, tingling, and weakness if large bony growths press on nerves.
Diagnosis
Clinical evaluation and imaging studies are combined to diagnose DISH:
-
Pain, stiffness, and range of motion are assessed during a physical examination.
-
The primary tool for diagnosing DISH is X-rays, which show characteristic flowing calcification along the vertebral sides.
-
In some cases, CT or MRI scans are used to provide detailed images of the spine and affected areas.
Treatment
There is no cure for DISH, but treatment focuses on managing symptoms and improving quality of life:
-
NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are over-the-counter pain relievers.
-
Flexibility and strength exercises are part of physical therapy.
-
Maintaining a healthy weight to reduce joint stress.
-
In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove bone spurs or decompress nerves.
Prevention
Certain lifestyle changes may reduce risk or delay onset of DISH, but there is no sure way to prevent it:
-
Maintain a healthy weight and metabolic health by eating a balanced diet.
-
Keeping joints and ligaments flexible requires regular physical activity.
-
Managing metabolic conditions such as diabetes and obesity through medical care and lifestyle changes.
-
Reducing repetitive mechanical stress on joints and ligaments by modifying activities.
As a result, diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis is characterized by abnormal calcium build-up of ligaments and tendons, primarily along the spine. Even though its exact cause is unclear, it is possible to live more comfortably with DISH by managing symptoms and adopting healthy lifestyle habits. It is critical to diagnose and treat this condition early.
