Deviated Nasal Septum: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
If the thin cartilage and bone walls that separate the two nostrils are crooked or off-center, this is known as a deviated nasal septum. One or both nostrils can become narrower than usual, affecting airflow. In addition to nasal congestion, nosebleeds, sinus infections, snoring, and sleep apnea, a deviated nasal septum can also cause other problems.
Causes of Deviated Nasal Septum
A deviated nasal septum can be present at birth or develop later in life. Some of the possible causes are:
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Genetic factors: Some people are born with a deviated nasal septum or inherit a tendency to develop one.
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Injury or trauma: A blow to the nose, such as from a fall, a car accident, or a sports injury, can cause the nasal septum to shift or fracture.
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Aging: As people get older, the nasal cartilage may lose its shape and flexibility, resulting in a deviated nasal septum.
Symptoms of Deviated Nasal Septum
A deviated nasal septum may not cause any symptoms in some people, while others may experience one or more of the following:
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Difficulty breathing through the nose: This can be more noticeable when one nostril is blocked by mucus, swelling, or allergies.
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Nasal congestion: One or both nostrils may feel stuffy or blocked, especially in cold weather or during a cold or sinus infection.
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Nosebleeds: The dryness and irritation caused by a deviated nasal septum can make the nasal lining more prone to bleeding.
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Sinus infections: A deviated nasal septum can interfere with the drainage of mucus from the sinuses, leading to inflammation and infection.
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In some cases, a deviated nasal septum can also contribute to sleep apnea, a serious condition in which breathing stops and starts repeatedly while you sleep.
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Headaches and facial pain: A deviated nasal septum can cause pressure and pain in the forehead, cheeks, or eyes, especially if there is a sinus infection or inflammation.
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Reduced sense of smell and taste: A deviated nasal septum can affect the airflow through the nose, which can impair the ability to smell and taste.
Diagnosis of Deviated Nasal Septum
An ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist can diagnose a deviated nasal septum based on the symptoms, medical history, and prior nose injuries or surgeries. A nasal speculum, a lighted instrument that can reveal the shape and location of the nasal septum, will also be used by the doctor to examine the nose. To get a better understanding of the nasal structures, the doctor may order imaging tests, such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans.
Treatment of Deviated Nasal Septum
The treatment for a deviated nasal septum depends on the severity of the symptoms and the degree of the deviation. Some of the possible treatment options are:
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The doctor may prescribe or recommend over-the-counter medications to treat nasal congestion, inflammation, or infection, including decongestants, antihistamines, nasal sprays, or saline solutions. However, these medications do not correct the underlying problem and may have side effects or interactions with other drugs.
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There are devices known as nasal strips or dilators that can be applied or inserted into the nostrils to widen the nasal passages and improve airflow. Depending on the user's preference and needs, they can be used temporarily or regularly. However, they do not address the cause of the deviated nasal septum and may not work for everyone.
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Surgery: Only a surgical procedure called septoplasty can permanently correct a deviated nasal septum. The surgery involves making an incision inside the nose and reshaping or removing the part of the nasal septum that is deviated. It typically takes about an hour to complete the operation under local or general anesthesia. Recovery time may vary from a few days to a few weeks, depending on the extent of the surgery and the healing process of the individual. The surgery can improve breathing, reduce symptoms, and enhance the appearance of the nose. However, as with any surgery, there are risks and complications, such as bleeding, infection, scarring, and recurrence of deviation.
Prevention of Deviated Nasal Septum
A deviated nasal septum cannot be prevented in most cases, as it is often due to genetic factors or aging. However, some measures can be taken to reduce the risk of injury or trauma to the nose, such as:
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Wearing a helmet and protective gear: This can protect the nose from impact or damage during sports or recreational activities, such as cycling, skiing, or skateboarding.
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Using a seat belt and airbag: This can prevent or lessen the force of a collision or crash that can injure the nose during a car accident.
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Avoiding fights or violence: This can prevent the nose from being hit or punched by another person, which can cause a fracture or displacement of the nasal septum.
