Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye or sticky eye, is a common condition where the white part of the eye becomes pink or red. This occurs when the conjunctiva, which is the clear outer layer of the eye and the inside of the eyelid, becomes inflamed. Itching, watering, discharge, and discomfort are among the symptoms of conjunctivitis, which can affect one or both eyes. Various factors can contribute to conjunctivitis, including bacterial or viral infections, allergies, or irritants. Conjunctivitis can be contagious and spread from person to person or from eye to eye, depending on the cause.
What are the symptoms of conjunctivitis?
One of the main symptoms of conjunctivitis is redness in one or both eyes. Other symptoms vary according to the type and severity of conjunctivitis. They include:
-
Eye irritation, itching, and a sensation of something in the eye
-
Eye discharge that may be clear, white, yellow, or green
-
An eyelid or lash crunch, especially in the morning
-
Eyelid swelling or swelling around the eyes
-
Light sensitivity
-
Vision problems or blurry vision
What causes conjunctivitis?
Different factors can irritate or infect the conjunctiva, causing conjunctivitis. These include:
-
A bacterial infection occurs when bacteria such as staphylococcus, streptococcus, or haemophilus enter the eye through contact with contaminated hands, objects, or secretions. It usually affects one eye first and spreads to the other. Often, the discharge is yellow or green, and it is associated with an ear infection.
-
An infection caused by a virus, such as adenovirus, herpes simplex virus, or varicella-zoster virus, can occur when respiratory droplets or secretions are infected. It typically affects both eyes at the same time and may cause clear or watery discharge. It may also cause cold-like symptoms such as fever, sore throat, and cough.
-
It is triggered by exposure to allergens like pollen, dust mites, animal dander, mold spores, or cosmetics that trigger an immune response in the eyes. Both eyes are usually affected by allergic conjunctivitis, which causes sneezing, runny noses, and sinus congestion. It may also cause clear or watery discharge, itching, and redness.
-
It is caused by exposure to substances that irritate the eyes, such as smoke, chlorine, air pollution, soap, shampoo, or contact lens solution. It usually causes redness, burning, and tears in both eyes. Once the irritant is removed, it usually resolves.
How is conjunctivitis diagnosed?
Your doctor will examine your eyes and eyelids with a bright light and a magnifying instrument called a slit lamp in order to diagnose conjunctivitis. Your doctor will also ask about your medical history, symptoms, and possible exposure to infection or allergens. A sample of your eye discharge may also be sent to a laboratory for testing to identify your infection's type of bacteria or virus.
How is conjunctivitis treated?
There are several options for treating conjunctivitis, depending on the cause and severity. The main goals of treatment are to relieve symptoms, prevent complications, and avoid spreading the infection to others.
-
Medications: Your doctor may prescribe eye drops or ointments with antibiotics (for bacterial infections), antihistamines (for allergic reactions), steroids (for severe inflammation), or antivirals (for herpes infections). If you use them, follow your doctor's instructions.
-
In addition to self-care, there are some steps you can take at home to ease your discomfort and speed up your recovery. These include:
-
Reduce swelling and pain in your eyes by applying a warm or cold compress several times a day
-
Using artificial tears or lubricating eye drops to moisten your eyes and wash away irritation
-
Remove crusts and discharge from your eyes with a clean cotton ball soaked in warm water
-
Be careful not to rub or touch your eyes
-
Until your eyes are better, remove your contact lenses
-
Contaminated eye makeup should be discarded
-
Handwashing frequently and thoroughly with soap and water
-
Separate towels, pillows, and personal items
-
Taking time off from school or work until your symptoms subside
How can conjunctivitis be prevented?
You can reduce your risk of getting or spreading conjunctivitis by avoiding contact with the factors that can cause it, such as infection, allergy, or irritants.
-
Washing your hands often and keeping your eyes clean are good practices for good hygiene
-
Do not share eye drops, makeup, towels, or other personal items with others
-
Sunglasses or protective eyewear should be worn when exposed to sunlight, dust, or chemicals
-
Changing your contact lenses regularly and following the instructions for cleaning and storing them
-
In case of conjunctivitis, seek medical attention
Conclusion
Among the most common conditions causing conjunctivitis are redness, irritation, and discharge in the eyes. There are several factors that can cause it, including bacterial or viral infections, allergies, or irritants. Medications, self-care, and lifestyle changes can be used to treat it. It can be prevented by avoiding contact with the causes and practicing good hygiene. It can be diagnosed by your doctor based on your history, examination, and laboratory tests. You should consult your doctor or an optometrist if you have any questions or concerns about conjunctivitis or your eye health.
