Let's explore the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention measures associated with choriocarcinoma, a rare and aggressive form of cancer that forms in the placenta during pregnancy.
Causes
As a result of abnormal cells developing in the placenta tissue during pregnancy, choriocarcinoma usually occurs. A molar pregnancy (an abnormal pregnancy in which an embryo that is not viable implants in the uterus) or a normal pregnancy can result in it. In addition to a history of molar pregnancy, certain genetic factors, and hormonal imbalances can increase your risk of developing choriocarcinoma.
Symptoms
Choriocarcinoma symptoms include:
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Heavy or irregular vaginal bleeding
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Pain or discomfort in the abdomen or pelvis
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Enlargement of the uterus
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Symptoms of lung cancer include shortness of breath or coughing
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Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels that are abnormal
Diagnosis
It is typically necessary to combine imaging studies with blood tests in order to diagnose choriocarcinoma. The size, location, and extent of involvement of the tumor can be visualized with imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI scans. In people with choriocarcinoma, hCG levels are usually elevated. To confirm the diagnosis, a biopsy may also be performed, in which a small amount of tissue is removed and examined under a microscope.
Treatment
Choriocarcinoma treatment depends on factors such as the stage and extent of the cancer, as well as the individual's overall health.
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A primary treatment for choriocarcinoma is chemotherapy, which involves the use of powerful drugs to kill cancer cells. It can be administered orally, intravenously, or directly into the spinal fluid, depending on the cancer's stage and location.
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In some cases, particularly when tumors have not responded to chemotherapy or have spread to other organs, surgery may be necessary to remove the cancerous tissue. This may require the removal of the uterus (hysterectomy) or other involved organs.
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When cancer has spread to the brain or other parts of the body, radiation therapy may be used in combination with chemotherapy or surgery to target and destroy cancer cells.
Prevention
A molar pregnancy is often associated with choriocarcinoma, so preventing molar pregnancies may help reduce the risk of developing the disease. In addition to early detection and treatment of molar pregnancies, factors like advanced maternal age and previous molar pregnancies can be avoided to reduce the risk of molar pregnancy. The detection and management of molar pregnancies and the reduction of complications such as choriocarcinoma can be achieved with routine prenatal care and monitoring during pregnancy.
In summary, choriocarcinoma is a rare and aggressive form of cancer that develops in the cells that would normally form the placenta during pregnancy. Even though choriocarcinoma cannot always be prevented, early detection and proper treatment can improve outcomes and reduce complications. A healthcare professional should be consulted if you experience symptoms of choriocarcinoma, such as vaginal bleeding or abdominal pain.
