Childhood epilepsy characterized by seizures that typically occur during sleep is benign Rolandic Epilepsy (BRE), or benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS). An overview of its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies is provided here.
Causes of Benign Rolandic Epilepsy
However, it is believed that benign rolandic epilepsy is influenced by genetic factors, as there is often a family history of epilepsy or similar disorders. It has not been definitively identified which genes are involved in BRE, but certain genetic mutations may predispose individuals to develop it.
Symptoms of Benign Rolandic Epilepsy
The following symptoms are typically associated with benign rolandic epilepsy:
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The hallmark symptom of BRE is focal seizures, which usually occur during sleep and involve twitching or tingling sensations on one side of the face, tongue, or throat. Generally, these seizures resolve spontaneously within a few minutes, but they may spread to other parts of the body.
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It is possible for children with BRE to experience temporary speech difficulties, such as slurred speech or difficulty forming words, during or after seizures.
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Twitching of the face, particularly around the mouth and lips, may occur before, during, or after seizures.
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BRE seizures may cause brief periods of altered consciousness or confusion, although full loss of consciousness is uncommon.
Diagnosis of Benign Rolandic Epilepsy
In order to diagnose benign rolandic epilepsy, a medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests are typically required.
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Evaluation of seizure symptoms, including their frequency, duration, and characteristics, as well as any family history of epilepsy or related disorders.
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EEG: Recording brainwave patterns using electrodes placed on the scalp to detect centrotemporal spikes or sharp waves that are characteristic of BRE.
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Assessment of neurological function, including motor skills, coordination, and speech.
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The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the brain is performed to rule out structural abnormalities or other underlying conditions that may cause seizures.
Treatment of Benign Rolandic Epilepsy
It is generally not necessary to treat benign rolandic epilepsy unless seizures significantly interfere with daily activities or pose a risk of injury. Treatment options include:
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To reduce the frequency or severity of seizures, antiepileptic medications such as carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine may be prescribed.
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It is crucial to educate parents and caregivers about seizure management techniques, including how to recognize and respond to seizures, in order to ensure the safety and well-being of children with BRE.
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Following up regularly with a neurologist or epileptologist is essential for monitoring seizure control, adjusting medication dosages if necessary, and addressing any concerns or changes.
Prevention of Benign Rolandic Epilepsy
As benign rolandic epilepsy is believed to have a genetic component, prevention strategies primarily focus on early recognition, diagnosis, and appropriate management of seizures to minimize their impact on a child's quality of life. Though it may not be possible to completely prevent BRE, early intervention and proper seizure management can improve outcomes and reduce complications.
As a result, benign rolandic epilepsy is a common childhood epilepsy characterized by seizures that occur during sleep. Although the exact cause is not completely understood, genetic factors are likely to play a major role. To optimize outcomes and improve quality of life for affected children and their families, early diagnosis, treatment, and management of seizures are essential.
