Appendectomy: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
An appendectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the appendix, a small pouch-like organ that is attached to the large intestine. Inflammation and infection of the appendix may result in appendicitis, a condition that is life-threatening. Due to the risk of life-threatening complications caused by a ruptured appendix, appendicitis is an emergency that requires immediate treatment.
Causes of Appendicitis
Inflammation and bacterial infection may result in pain, swelling, and pus formation when the appendix is blocked by fecal matter, foreign objects, tumors, or parasites.
Symptoms of Appendicitis
The most common symptom of appendicitis is a sudden and severe pain in the lower right abdomen, near the navel. The pain may worsen with movement, coughing, sneezing, or deep breathing. Other symptoms may include:
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Nausea and vomiting
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Loss of appetite
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Fever and chills
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Constipation or diarrhea
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Bloating and gas
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Difficulty urinating
Diagnosis of Appendicitis
An appendicitis diagnosis involves asking the patient about their symptoms, examining them physically, and checking for tenderness, swelling, and rebound pain (pain that increases with release of the pressure). For confirmation of the diagnosis and to rule out other conditions, the doctor may also order blood tests, urine tests, and imaging tests, including ultrasounds, X-rays, and CT scans.
Treatment of Appendicitis
The standard treatment for appendicitis is an appendectomy, which can be done in two ways:
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During an open appendectomy, the surgeon makes a small incision in the lower right abdomen and removes the appendix through it. The wound is then stitched or stapled closed.
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During laparoscopic appendectomy, several small incisions are made in the abdomen, and a thin tube containing a camera and surgical instruments (laparoscope) is inserted through one of them. Incisions are closed with glue or stitches after the surgeon locates and removes the appendix using the laparoscope.
An appendectomy is performed based on the severity of the condition, the patient's preferences, and the equipment available. There are some advantages to laparoscopic appendectomy over open appendectomy, including less pain, faster recovery, and reduced infection and scarring risks.
Prevention of Appendicitis
There is no sure way to prevent appendicitis, but some lifestyle changes may reduce the risk of developing it, such as:
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Eating a high-fiber diet that includes fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
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Drinking plenty of water and fluids
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Avoiding swallowing foreign objects, such as chewing gum, seeds, or coins
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Seeking medical attention for any abdominal pain or discomfort
If left untreated, appendicitis can have life-threatening complications. Therefore, it is important to recognize the symptoms and seek medical attention immediately. An appendectomy is a safe and effective procedure that can cure appendicitis and prevent further complications.
