Inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin, transparent layer covering the white portion of the eye and lining the inner surface of the eyelids, causes acute conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye. In this blog post, we discuss the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of acute conjunctivitis.
Causes
The following factors can cause acute conjunctivitis:
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The most common cause of acute viral conjunctivitis is viruses, such as adenovirus, herpes simplex virus, or enterovirus.
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Symptoms of bacterial pink eye can be caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Haemophilus influenzae.
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Pollen, dust mites, pet dander, and certain chemicals can trigger allergic reactions in the eyes, resulting in allergic conjunctivitis.
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Inflammatory conjunctivitis is caused by exposure to irritants such as smoke, pollution, chemicals, or contact lens solutions.
Symptoms
Acute conjunctivitis may cause the following symptoms:
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Inflammation of the blood vessels in the conjunctiva can cause the whites of the eyes to appear pink or red.
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Discharge from the eyes that is watery or mucous, especially in cases of viral or allergic conjunctivitis.
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There is a feeling of grittiness or irritation in the eyes, which is often described as sand or dirt in the eyes.
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A burning or itching sensation in the eyes, especially in cases of allergic conjunctivitis.
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Especially in cases of allergic conjunctivitis or bacterial infections, swelling of the eyelids or conjunctiva occurs.
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Bacterial conjunctivitis can cause crusting of the eyelids, particularly when waking up in the morning.
Diagnosis
A thorough eye examination is required to diagnose acute conjunctivitis, which may include:
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Observation: The healthcare provider will look for redness, discharge, swelling, or other signs of inflammation in the eyes.
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Information about the onset and duration of symptoms, exposure to potential irritants and allergens, and recent illnesses can help determine the underlying cause of conjunctivitis.
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The healthcare provider may perform additional tests, such as conjunctival swabs or cultures, in some cases to identify the specific cause of conjunctivitis.
Treatment
Acute conjunctivitis can be treated in a variety of ways, depending on the underlying cause:
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Symptomatic relief may be provided with cold compresses and artificial tears to soothe the eyes for viral conjunctivitis.
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Antibiotic eye drops or ointments may be prescribed to treat bacterial pink eye and reduce the duration of symptoms. It is essential to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed by your healthcare provider.
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Cold compresses may also provide relief from itching and inflammation in allergic pink eye caused by allergens. Antihistamine eye drops and oral medications can help alleviate symptoms.
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Symptoms of irritant conjunctivitis can be relieved by avoiding exposure to irritants and flushing the eyes with artificial tears or saline solution.
Prevention
The best way to prevent acute conjunctivitis is to practice good hygiene and take precautions to avoid exposure to infectious agents or allergens. Some of these precautions are:
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Washing hands frequently with soap and water can help prevent the spread of viral and bacterial conjunctivitis.
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The risk of introducing infectious agents or allergens into the eyes can be reduced by avoiding rubbing or touching the eyes with unwashed hands.
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To prevent the spread of conjunctivitis, do not share towels, washcloths, eye makeup, or contact lens solutions with others.
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In order to prevent allergic conjunctivitis, it is important to minimize exposure to allergens and take allergy medications as prescribed by a healthcare provider.
